一封書

英文版見：http://www.tibetopenletter.org/

譯者不詳。
這封信的内容對西苑諸公來説似乎深了點。


關心近日吐蕃危機的吐蕃研究學者致中華人民共和國國家主席蝴婂嬦的聲明

蝴婂嬦主席
中南海，西城区，北京市

中华人民共和国尊敬的主席先生：

最近这两周，世人目睹了在吐蕃高原各地爆发的抗争。虽然大部份的抗争起先都是和平的，随之在后的镇压行动却常流于严苛暴力，导致了到目前为止以蕃族为主的人数不明的逮捕与为数众多的人员伤亡。事态如此发展所引发的全球性关注及焦虑可想而知。作为学者，我们研究的吐蕃文明不只是一个学术课题，“她”更是一个人群的文化特质与活生生的经验实体，也是世界文明中珍贵的一员；我们因此对当下的情势特别忧心。在此，我们对无辜汉蕃人民的伤亡表达沉痛的哀悼。然而在吐蕃地区我们熟悉的许多地方，人们的日常生活正在恶化，悲剧正在发生。就在我们起草此信的同时，针对和平抗争参与者的逮捕、枪击仍在继续，当局对他们的指控却趋于笼统，缺乏明确的法律程序并罔顾其基本人权；其它无数民众则被迫重复政治口号，否定他们的宗教领袖。

眼前发生在吐蕃的这些事情使我们不可能继续保持缄默。从当前的情况看来，当局着力的，似乎是在与中国内地及世界隔离的蕃区继续压制不同的政治意见。但是，蕃人受压抑的不满由来已久，他们最近的发声不是当局现在的做法能够消除的。作为学者，我们特别重视言论自由。违反此一基本自由，并将中国政府不想听见的声音定罪只会适得其反，增长而不是降低动荡及冲突。

没有人愿意在他自己的生活里，身受蕃人所面临的种种表达和言论上的限制。所以，问题不在蕃族人民对这些限制的抗拒，也不在他们最近表达出来的心声。反之，问题的关键在于如何听见并响应他们的声音。把最近吐蕃民情的不安归咎给老佛爷，正说明了中国政府仍然在避回避本身的政策失败——尽管后者才是民心不满的真正肇因。继续妖魔化老佛爷，不但令您领导的政府难以见容于国际舆论，更只会增长吐蕃人的愤怒离心。我们的专业在于了解吐蕃的过去与现在，文化与社会；对于事态的最近发展，我们不能不发出最强烈的抗议。这一次的事件已经在中国境内域外造成了极大的震撼，我们在此诚恳地支持在3月22日提出“12点意见”呼吁书的中国作家与知识分子群。

并此，我们呼吁当局即刻停止使用武力对付中国境内的吐蕃人民，立即停止对吐蕃不同观点的各种形式的压制；我们同时呼吁您所领导的政府，明确落实国际社会共同接受的人权规范，赋于吐蕃人民并中华人民共和国全体公民应有的言论自由。

2008年3月27日

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Jean-Luc Achard (Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, Paris/國家科學研究中心，巴黎)
Agata Bareja-Starzyńska (Warsaw University/華沙大學)
Robert Barnett (Columbia University/哥倫比亞大學)
Christopher Beckwith (Indiana University/印第安納大學)
Yael Bentor (Hebrew University, Jerusalem/希伯來大學，耶路撒冷)
Henk Blezer (Leiden University/萊頓大學)
Anne-Marie Blondeau (École pratique des Hautes Études, Paris/高等研究實踐學校，巴黎)
Benjamin Bogin (Georgetown University/喬治敦大學)
Jens Braarvig (University of Oslo/奧斯陸大學)
Katia Buffetrille (École pratique des Hautes Études, Paris/高等研究實踐學校，巴黎)
José Ignacio Cabezón (University of California, Santa Barbara/加利福尼亞大學，聖巴巴拉)
Cathy Cantwell (University of Oxford/牛津大學)
Bryan J. Cuevas (Florida State University/佛羅里達州立大學)
Jacob Dalton (Yale University/耶魯大學)
Ronald Davidson (Fairfield University/費爾費爾德大學)
Karl Debreczeny (Independent Scholar/獨立學者)
Andreas Doctor (Kathmandu University/加德滿都大學)
Thierry Dodin (Bonn University/波恩大學)
Brandon Dotson (School of Oriental and African Studies, London/倫敦大學亞非學院，倫敦)
Georges Dreyfus (Williams College/威廉斯學院)
Douglas S. Duckworth (University of North Carolina/北卡羅萊納大學)
John Dunne (Emory University/埃默里大學)
Johan Elverskog (Southern Methodist University/南衛理公會大學)
Elena De Rossi Filibeck (University of Rome/羅馬大學)
Carla Gianotti (Independent Scholar/獨立學者)
Maria Gruber (University of Applied Arts, Vienna/應用藝術大學，維也納)
Janet Gyatso (Harvard University/哈佛大學)
Paul Harrison (Stanford University/斯坦福大學)
Lauran Hartley (Columbia University/哥倫比亞大學)
Mireille Helffer (Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, Paris/國家科學研究中心，巴黎)
Isabelle Henrion-Dourcy (Université Laval, Québec/拉瓦爾大學，魁北克)
Toni Huber (Humboldt University , Berlin/洪堡大學，柏林)
Ishihama Yumiko (Waseda University/早稻田大學)
David Jackson (Rubin Museum of Art, New York/魯賓藝術博物館，紐約)
Sarah Jacoby (Columbia University/哥倫比亞大學)
Marc des Jardins (Concordia University/康考迪亞大學)
Matthew T. Kapstein (University of Chicago; École pratique des Hautes Études, Paris/芝加哥大學；高等研究實踐學校，巴黎)
György Kara (Indiana University/印第安那大學)
Samten Karmay (Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, Paris/國家科學研究中心，巴黎)
P. Christiaan Klieger (Oakland Museum, California/奧克蘭博物館，加利福尼亞)
Deborah Klimburg-Salter (University of Vienna/維也納大學)
Leonard van der Kuijp (Harvard University/哈佛大學)
Per Kvaerne (University of Oslo/奧斯陸大學)
Erberto Lo Bue (University of Bologna/博洛尼亞大學)
Donald Lopez (University of Michigan/密歇根大學)
Christian Luczanits (University of Vienna/維也納大學)
Sara McClintock (Emory University/埃默里大學)
Carole McGranahan (University of Colorado/科羅拉多大學)
Ariane Macdonald-Spanien (École pratique des Hautes Études, Paris/高等研究實踐學校，巴黎)
William Magee (Dharma Drum Buddhist College, Taiwan/大法鼓佛學院，臺灣)
Lara Maconi (Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales, Paris/國立東方語言和文明研究院，巴黎)
Dan Martin (Hebrew University, Jerusalem/希伯來大學，耶路撒冷)
Rob Mayer (University of Oxford/牛津大學)
Fernand Meyer (École pratique des Hautes Études, Paris/高等研究實踐學校，巴黎)
Eric D. Mortensen (Guilford College/吉爾福德學院)
Paul Nietupski (John Carroll University/約翰·卡羅爾大學)
Giacomella Orofino (Università degli Studi di Napoli “L’Orientale/那不勒斯東方研究大學)
Ulrich Pagel (School of Oriental and African Studies, London/倫敦大學亞非學院，倫敦)
Andrew Quintman (Princeton University/普林斯頓大學)
Charles Ramble (University of Oxford/牛津大學)
Françoise Robin (Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales, Paris/國立東方語言和文明研究院，巴黎)
Ulrike Roesler (University of Freiburg/弗萊堡大學)
Geoffrey Samuel (Cardiff University/卡迪夫大學)
Kurtis Schaeffer (University of Virginia/弗吉尼亞大學)
Cristina Scherrer-Schaub (University of Lausanne/洛桑大學)
Peter Schwieger (Bonn University/波恩大學)
Tsering Shakya (University of British Columbia/英屬哥倫比亞大學)
Nicolas Sihle (University of Virginia/弗吉尼亞大學)
Elliot Sperling (Indiana University/印第安那大學)
Heather Stoddard (Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales, Paris/國立東方語言和文明研究院，巴黎)
Robert Thurman (Columbia University/哥倫比亞大學)
Takeuchi Tsuguhito (Kobe City University of Foreign Studies/神戶市外國語大學)
Gray Tuttle (Columbia University/哥倫比亞大學)
Emily Yeh (University of Colorado/科羅拉多大學)
Ronit Yoeli-Tlalim (University College, London/倫敦大學學院，倫敦)
Michael Zimmermann (University of Hamburg/漢堡大學)

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A Statement by Concerned Tibetan Studies Scholars on the Current Crisis in Tibet

President Hu Jintao
People’s Republic of China
Zhongnanhai, Xichengqu, Beijing City
People’s Republic of China

Dear Mr. President,

Over the course of the last two weeks the world has witnessed an outbreak of protests across the Tibetan plateau, followed in most instances by a harsh, violent repression. In the majority of cases these protests have been peaceful. The result has been an unknown number of arrests and the loss of numerous lives, which have been overwhelmingly Tibetan. This has understandably triggered widespread concern and anguish across the globe. As scholars engaged in Tibetan Studies, we are especially disturbed by what has been happening. The civilization we study is not simply a subject of academic enquiry: it is the heritage and fabric of a living people and one of the world’s great cultural legacies. We express our deep sorrow at the horrible deaths of the innocent, including Chinese as well as Tibetans. Life has been altered for the worse in places with which we are well acquainted; tragedy has entered the lives of a people we know well. At the time this statement is being written, continued arrests and shootings are being reported even of those involved in peaceful protest, the accused are being subjected to summary justice without due process and basic rights, and countless others are being forced to repeat political slogans and denunciations of their religious leader.

Silence in the face of what is happening in Tibet is no longer an option. At this moment the suppression of political dissent appears to be the primary goal of authorities across all the Tibetan areas within China, which have been isolated from the rest of China and the outside world. But such actions will not eliminate the underlying sense of grievance to which Tibetans are giving voice. As scholars we have a vested interest in freedom of expression. The violation of that basic freedom and the criminalization of those sentiments that the Chinese government finds difficult to hear are counterproductive. They will contribute to instability and tension, not lessen them.

It cannot be that the problem lies in the refusal of Tibetans to live within restrictions on speech and expression that none of us would accept in our own lives. It is not a question of what Tibetans are saying: it is a question of how they are being heard and answered. The attribution of the current unrest to the Dalai Lama represents a reluctance on the part of the Chinese government to acknowledge and engage with policy failures that are surely the true cause of popular discontent. The government’s continuing demonization of the Dalai Lama, which falls far below any standard of discourse accepted by the international community, serves only to fuel Tibetan anger and alienation. A situation has been created which can only meet with the strongest protest from those of us who have dedicated our professional lives to understanding Tibet’s past and its present; its culture and its society. Indeed, the situation has generated widespread shock among peoples inside and outside China as well, and we write in full sympathy with the twelve-point petition submitted by a group of Chinese writers and intellectuals on 22 March.

Therefore, we call for an immediate end to the use of force against Tibetans within China. We call for an end to the suppression of Tibetan opinion, whatever form that suppression takes. And we call for the clear recognition that Tibetans, together with all citizens of China, are entitled to the full rights to free speech and expression guaranteed by international agreements and accepted human rights norms.