多维社记者纪群编译报导/这部名为《八千湘女上天山》的电影表明，当它预定于今秋在全国上映时，各地的观众将会看到一部充满苦涩的革命浪漫主义欢乐的传说。
电影戏剧化地讲述了在上世纪50年代期间，数千名年纪在13到19岁的少女，随着军队的足迹，来到中国遥远西部的穆斯林地区定居的故事。
在现实生活中，那是一次炼狱之旅。随着这部电影在政府密切监视下在北京开拍，一个欺骗大众、强迫婚姻和自杀的故事，一段鲜为人知的历史，将被公布于众。
英国泰晤士报近日刊登了该报驻远东记者谢瑞丹（Michael Sheridan）的一篇题为“毛泽东时代奴隶少女新娘的隐藏痛苦”（Hidden misery of Mao’s slave teenage brides）的报导。报导说，一批老年妇女出面讲述，当年她们是如何被虚假的培训和教育承诺引诱去中国的新边疆，结果发现自己被关在军营里，被强制与军人结婚。
中国记者还发现，毛泽东曾批准派遣了900名原上海妓女到军队中接受“思想改造”。
数千名战争中留下的寡妇也被征召到西部大荒原，与人民解放军指战员的新丈夫孕育后代。
这些，让人们对上世纪50年代初期，中国领导层占领和移民新疆的决心，有了一种新的认识。也是自那以后，中国汉人和穆斯林维吾尔人之间的民族冲突的火种就开始埋下了。最近，人们目睹了新疆1997年暴动以来最血腥的暴乱。
在成千上万名移民西部的中国人中，很少有人的故事，像作家卢一萍所记述的这八千名来自湖南的女孩这么的悲凉。卢一萍花了5年时间，追踪采访当年湘女中幸存者，这些人当年大都是清纯的农村女孩，对“新中国”充满理想。
“当时，在新疆有20万名士兵，只有少数已经结婚了。所以，从1949年到1954年，军方上层在隐瞒征召女兵的真实目的的情况下，从中国各地征召了4万妇女进疆，”她说。
“她们被告知说，到新疆后可以进俄文学校、可以当纺织女工、当拖拉机手，而绝口未提“婚配”的事，而且在招兵条件里写着“家庭条件不限”，对一些家庭成分高的女青年来说有较大的吸引力，她们普遍把这看作参加革命、融入新生活的一个途径。从1951年开始招收到的十多批湖南女兵，多数都是有文化的湖南妹子，”卢一萍在百度网上发表的采访中说。
而在湘女们在长途跋涉，刚到达西部时，就得到了当头一棒：她们被立即上了一堂“军事”课，其内容与苏联式的理想，或者建设工程毫无关联，而是“革命婚姻”。
然后，她们被送到遍布各地的军营。一组20名的湘女发现她们被送到一个有1,000多人的军营，几天内，就马上与20名资格最老的军官结婚了。
当年15岁的肖叶群拒绝与一名26岁的部队政委王富民结婚。“当时我发现他比我大9岁，我不愿意当他的妻子，哭哭啼啼，”她回忆说。
“他就拿出了枪，将子弹推上了枪膛，好像要开枪打死自己的样子。后来我再也不敢说不愿意了。一年后，我们结婚了。”
几十年后，就在中国准备庆祝解放60周年之时，肖叶群和其他湘女的故事在媒体上发表了。包括一个倔强的长沙女兵拒绝了一个营长的求爱，后者被激怒，拔枪杀死了女兵。该军官后被军事法庭处以极刑。还有一个高中毕业非常漂亮的长沙女兵，因为被“包办”给一个死了老婆有3个孩子的比她大近20岁的老干部，在结婚当天就疯了。
当年的湘女戴庆媛回忆说，“军区的司令官王震来迎接我们，他对我们说，‘同志们，你们要做好思想准备，把你们招聘来，是建设新疆，保卫新疆的，是为各族人民办好事的，湖湘子弟满天山，这还不够，你们要把忠骨埋在天山下······’”。将军的话还没有讲完，下面的秩序就乱了，因为大家原以为参军3年后就可以转业回湖南老家的，这时从将军的话里才知道自己再也回不去了。许多人就哭了。
戴庆嫒还回忆说，当时对我们这些女兵来说，觉得结婚像包办又不是包办，自愿又不是自愿，既幸福又不幸福。可以说，绝大多数人都觉得婚姻生活没有多少爱，十分压抑。这是当时的历史条件造成的。包括在有意或者无意当中，我们对情感的选择，都不是从个人的需要出发，而是从集体利益出发，那就是繁殖生育，让兵团的人口增加，壮大力量，固守疆土，扎根边疆。我认为那种婚姻是道德婚姻。过去是媒妁之言、父母之命，在家靠父母，出门靠组织，我们的组织就是我们的当家人，不敢说不服从命令，所以那个时候都服从了。
August 2, 2009
Hidden misery of Mao’s slave teenage brides
Michael Sheridan
THE film’s title, 8,000 Girls Ascend the Heavenly Mountain, suggests that Chinese audiences will see a tale of joy when it is aired on television this autumn.
It dramatises the lives of thousands of girls aged 13 to 19 who went to China’s remote far west in the 1950s to follow soldiers sent to colonise the turbulent Muslim region.
In real life it was a trip to purgatory. As shooting for the film unfolds in Beijing under the watchful gaze of party censors, an astonishing story of mass deception, forced marriages and suicides has come to light.
Elderly women have come forward to tell how they were lured to China’s new frontier by false promises of training and education - only to find themselves locked in barracks and coerced into marrying soldiers.
Chinese journalists have also discovered that Chairman Mao Tse-tung approved the dispatch of 900 prostitutes from the brothels of Shanghai to undergo “thought reform” at the hands of the troops.
Thousands of war widows were also conscripted to go forth and multiply in the desert with new husbands from the People’s Liberation Army.
It casts new light on the leadership’s determination to occupy and populate the far west, known as Xinjiang, in the early 1950s. Ethnic conflict between Chinese and the Uighur Muslim population has flared ever since. The area recently witnessed its worst riots since an insurrection in 1997.
The stoical endurance of hundreds of thousands of Chinese settlers has rarely been described in such bleak terms as in the accounts of the 8,000 women from Hunan province collected by Lu Yiping, an author. He spent five years tracing the survivors of that naive pilgrimage, simple rural girls infused with the idealism of the “new China”.
“There were 200,000 soldiers in Xinjiang and only a handful had wives. So from 1949 to 1954 the military authorities, hushing up their real motive, recruited 40,000 women from all over China,” he said.
“They were told that they would go to Russian-language schools, work in factories or drive tractors on farms. Marriage was never mentioned,” said Lu in an interview published on the Baidu.com website.
The first shock for the Hunan girls came after a long journey to the west by lorry. They received a military lecture which was not about Soviet studies or engineering but “revolutionary marriage”.
Then they were sent to barracks scattered across the region. One group of 20 girls, who found themselves with a regiment of 1,000 men, hastily married the 20 most senior officers within days of their arrival.
Xiao Yequn, who was 15 at the time, refused to marry a 26-year-old political commissar named Wang Fumin. “When I found out he was nine years older than me I was unwilling to be his wife,” she recalled.
“He immediately took out his pistol and put a bullet in the chamber. I dared not resist and the next year we got married.”
Xiao’s story is among several published by the state media this year as the nation prepares to celebrate 60 years since “liberation” on October 1, 1949.
“We were greeted by the military commander, Wang Zhen, who told us, ‘Comrades, you must prepare to bury your bones in Xinjiang’,” remembered Dai Qingyuan.
“Before he finished, all the girls broke down weeping because we realised we would never be able to go home.”
Dai married a veteran “hero” eight years older than herself. “Most of the girls were so depressed because there was no love in their marriages, only obedience. At home we obeyed our parents. In the army we obeyed the party,” she said.
“Nobody dared do otherwise because our job was to increase the population for the army corps.”
The army corps evolved into big military and business conglomerates called bingtuan which built the economy of Xinjiang and remain its most powerful interest groups. And the fertility of the army wives helped to change the population balance in Xinjiang so that Chinese now outnumber the Muslims.
“The prettier you were, the worse your plight because you would be picked by the older, senior officers,” said Jiang Lihua.
Among the soldiers, however, the arrival of women came like the discovery of an oasis in the desert.
“I knew a battalion commander called Zhao who went mad because he couldn’t find a wife and roamed around waving a gun,” recalled a political officer in an interview with Chinanews, an official agency. “His superior officer locked him up in a room where he committed suicide.”
A colonel named Hu forced a girl into marriage and within days she also killed herself, the political officer said.
One woman, who was due to marry a widowed officer 20 years her senior with three children, went mad on the eve of her wedding.
The number of female suicides is unknown. According to Lu, girls who refused to wed were victimised in political campaigns. A few held out to marry for love, finding the handsome younger soldiers of their dreams.
It remains to be seen how Chinese censors will allow the film to treat its subject, given the unrest in Xinjiang and the emergence of these accounts.
At present the script indicates that it will tell a tale of wholesome adventure in which “girls bring vital dawn to Xinjiang and with the soldiers they write a revolutionary page of blossoming and faith”.
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